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These agents, however, are not allowed in cosmetics in Europe due to concerns of side effects. Effective agents for specific areas include corticosteroids, tretinoin, and hydroquinone. Īreas of increased pigmentation such as moles may be depigmented to match the surrounding skin.
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While some countries do not allow mercury compounds in cosmetics, others still do, and they can be purchased online. While a number of agents-such as kojic acid and alpha hydroxy acid-are allowed in cosmetics in Europe, a number of others such as hydroquinone and tretinoin are not. Įfforts to lighten the skin date back to at least the 1500s in Asia. In Pakistan, where skin lightening products are popular, creams have been found to contain toxic levels of hydroquinone and mercury. In India, specifically, over half of skin care products are sold to whiten skin.
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In a number of African countries, between 25 and 80% of women regularly use skin whitening products. This includes mercury compounds which may cause neurological problems and kidney problems. Several chemicals have been shown to be effective in skin whitening, while some have proven to be toxic or have questionable safety profiles. Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching, is the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin.